Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) are small, active livebearer freshwater fish defined by a male size of 1.5 to 3.5 cm, a female size of 3 to 6 cm, an ideal water temperature of 24–28°C, and a minimum tank requirement of 5 to 10 gallons.
Physical and Biological Specifications
- Scientific Name: Poecilia reticulata (Family Poeciliidae
- Size: Males reach 1.5–3.5 cm (0.6–1.4 inches); females are larger, reaching 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 inches)
- Lifespan: 2 to 3 years under optimal care
- Reproduction: Ovoviviparous (livebearers); females incubate eggs internally and give birth to free-swimming fry, dropping up to 50–200 fry every 30 days.
- Sexual Dimorphism: Males are smaller with bright, ornamental tails and dorsal fins; females are larger, drab/grayish, and round-bellied
Water and Environmental Parameters
- Temperature: 24°C to 28°C (75°F to 82°F).
- pH Level: 6.8 to 7.8 (slightly alkaline).
- Water Hardness: 8 to 12 dGH (hard water preferred).
- Tank Size: Minimum 5 gallons for a solitary pair/trio, but 10 gallons (approx. 40 liters) or more is recommended for a stable small group.
- Flow Rate: Gentle filtration (such as a sponge filter), as they dislike strong currents.